home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
/
Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
/
D
/
Dolphin
/
INFOTEXT
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-09-03
|
2KB
|
55 lines
A dolphin is any of various highly
intelligent aquatic mammals of the family
Delphinidae, which also includes porpoises.
There are about 60 species. The name
"dolphin" is generally applied to species
having a beaklike snout and slender body,
whereas the name "porpoise" is reserved for
the smaller species with a blunt snout and
stocky body. Dolphins use sound
(echolocation) to navigate, to find prey, and
for communication. The common dolphin
Delphinus delphis is found in all temperate
and tropical seas. It is up to 2½m (8ft)
long, and is dark above and white below, with
bands of grey, white, and yellow on the
sides. It has up to 100 teeth in its jaws,
which make the 15cm (6inch) "beak" protrude
forward from the rounded head. The corners of
its mouth are permanently upturned, giving
the appearance of a smile, though dolphins
cannot actually smile. Dolphins feed on fish
and squid.
The river dolphins, of which there are only
five species, belong to the family
Platanistidae. All river dolphins are
threatened by dams and pollution, and some,
such as the whitefin dolphin Lipotes
vexillifer of the Chiang Jiang River, China,
are in danger of extinction. As a result of
living in muddy water, river dolphins' eyes
have become very small. They rely on
echolocation to navigate and find food.
Some species of dolphin can swim at up to
56kph (35mph), helped by special streamlining
modifications of the skin. All power
themselves by beating the tail up and down,
and use the flippers to steer and stabilize.
The flippers betray dolphins' land-mammal
ancestry with their typical five-toed
limb-bone structure. Dolphins are popular
performers in aquariums. The species most
frequently seen is the bottle- nosed dolphin
Tursiops truncatus, found in all warm seas,
mainly grey in colour and growing to a
maximum 4.2m (14ft). The US Navy began
training dolphins for military purposes in
1962, and in 1987 six dolphins were sent to
detect mines in the Persian Gulf. Marine
dolphins are endangered by fishing nets,
speedboats, and pollution. In 1990 the North
Sea states agreed to introduce legislation
to protect them.
Subject by: Vince Pike